Dynamo-electric machine



(No Model.)

R. EIUKEMEYBR.

DYNAMO ELEGTRIG MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 7, 1894. w

No. 524,0F20. k

L. aasz UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLF EICKEMEYER, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK.

DYNAMO-ELECTRlC MACHINE.'

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No'. 524,020, dated August*7, 1 894. Application filed October '7, 1891. Serial No. 407.977. (N0model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLF EICKEMEYER, of Yonkers, in the county ofWestchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Dynamo-Electric Machines; and I do hereby declare thatthe following specification, taken in connection with the drawingsfurnished and forming a part of the same, is a clear, true, and completedescription of my invention.

My present application, is intended to speclally embrace or includecertain widely ap-v pilcable improvements heretofore invented by me,when embodied in such dynamo electric machines as depend for theirmagnetic field, upon electro magnets, appropriate portlons of which,afford suitable cheek pieces, as distinguished from that special type ofmachines, disclosed in my Letters Patent N 0. 358,340, in which thearmature cores are directly magnetized, and wherein the cheek pieces arepolarized by induction, and are relied upon for affording practicallycontinuous magnetic circuits.

In a separate application for Letters Patent filed herewith, it is myintention to broadly claim my aforesaid improvements, and to also makeappropriate claims therein, specially applicable to certain of theorganizations therein described and shown.

In another application for patent Serial N o. 376,361my saidimprovements were also disclosed and appropriately claimed, assuccessfully embodied by me in alternating current machines.

Broadly stated, the object of my said improvements is to eliminate fromdynamo electric machines, as far as may be practicable, thatmagnetization induced by the armature winding, which is obstructive tothe proper operation of such machines, and to enable them to operatewith greater efficiency, regardless of the service to which they may beapplied.

After describing the present portion of my invention, as applied by mein and to the several organizations illustrated in the drawings, thefeatures deemed novel, and within the intended scope of thisapplication, will be duly specified in the several clauses of claims,hereunto annexed.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1, in end elevation illustrates amachine embodying a magnetic system, including two electro magnets,organized for bipolar service, with a drum armature. Fig. 2, illustratesthe same, but with the armature and one set of checks, and their coilsremoved. Fig. 3, is a lateral vertical central section, of Fig. 1. Fig.4, in end view, illustrates a drum armature, and a magnetic system,embodying four electro magnets, organized for multipolar service. Fig.5, in diametric section, illustrates a dish armature, and an annularmultipolar magnetic system, embodying twelve electro magnets. Fig. 6, isan outside view of one half, and an inside view of the other half of themagnets shown in Fig. 5, the one-half of the armature being shown at itscenter and rim.

The bipolar machine, shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is in a preferred form,and it embodies a central frame A, of iron, which longitudinallysurrounds the armature, and serves as a part of the magnetic systemwhich includes two electro magnets. This frame at its ends, affordsseats a, a, for the journal boxes of the armature shaft. To one side ofthis frame, upper and lower cheek pieces B, and B, are secured, thesebeing provided respectively with core pieces I), I), clearly shown inFig. 2, and these are of the same polarity, for instance, N. On theopposite side of the frame, are upper and lower pole cheeks B B havingcore pieces b 6 these being of like polarity, S, for instance, asindicated in Fig. 3. These four core pieces, afford in substance twopole faces similarly magnetized, or of like'polarity, each divided andseparated, by a long narrow space at'c, or c, which is parallel with theaxis of the bi-polar drum armature O, and hence of course, parallel withadj acent portions of the armature winding. Each core piece, is providedwith a set of coils which may be varied in number. As here shown, thesecoils D, D, D D are in five seethe armature, on each core, are what Iterm the auxiliary, or counterfield coils, and these are connected incircuit with the armature winding, so as to cause said coils to developmagnetic circuits which are opposite in the direction of flow, to thosemagnetic circuits which are. objectionably induced by the adjacentportions of the armature winding, and

tions each. The two sections (1, d, nearestv 5 field sections areintended to counteract. The

three outlying sections of coil, on each of the four cores, are the truefield coils, and the auxiliary coils in this machine, sometimesco-operate with their adjacent field coils, in augment- IO ing magnetismin their cores, and sometimes they lessen said magnetism. As here shown,the magnetic system is organized'for a reversible motor, and accordingto the direction in which the armature is to be driven, themagnetization of either the upper, or the lower half of the divided orseparated similarly magnetized checks, is increased, or lessened, inmagnetic power, and the diagonally opposite halves are proportionatelylessened, or increased, and therefore a substantially fixed point ofcommutation is secured, and sparking at the brushes obviated.

If the machine be intended to operate in one direction only, then theappropriate upper core, and the diagonally opposite lower core, wouldneed only the three field coil sections, and the other diagonal cores,would each have three field sections, and also the two auxiliarysections, these latter serving to 0 weaken the magnetism of theirrespective cores to the extent to which they would otherwise bestrengthened by the magnetic currents induced by the armature Winding.

An armature section, while passing the 5 space or air gaps c, or a,(between the cores of like polarity,) has no continuous adjacent iron,in which its magnetic lines can travel, and hence the magnetic circuitsof the armature at those points, are in part obstructed by 6 air spaceresistance, and in part by the opposing magnetic lines, induced fromthose portions of the several coils, which are adj acent to thearmature, and occupy positions in, or opposite, said spaces. With thefield coils reduced to three on each core, there will be aitorded at thespaces 0, c, at each side of the machine, sufficient space inside of thefield coils to accommodate the sides of an auxiliary field coil, whichwould surround the armature longitudinally, as in machines illustratedin my aforesaid application for patent. (See Serial No. 407,976.)

In the multipolar machine, shown in Fig. 4, the drum armature O, is wellsurrounded 5 5 by eight pole cheeks, afforded by four separate electromagnets E, E, E E and these are so organized, and excited, that a checkpiece of any one magnet, is of like polarity with the adjacent cheekpiece, of the next magnet, and these checks, are separated by narrow airgaps, or spaces 0, 0', c 0 thus in substance, making each pair ofcontiguous cheeks, one pole face, divided into two parts, separated by aspace parallel with the wind- 6 5 ing on the face of the armature.

The core of each magnet, is of horse shoe form in cross section, and itsfield coil D may be variously applied. As here shown, the field coils,in one section each, are mounted .upon the body or central portion ofthe core, but they could each be divided into two sections, and each legof the core, be surrounded by its own field section, as indicated indotted lines, at the upper magnet E.

In this machine, the gaps c, c, c'-, c afford air space resistance inthe objectionable magnetic circuits induced by the armature winding, asin the machine first described. Each magnet, as near as may be to thearmature, and to the spaces a, c, 850., is provided with a counterfieldcoil, or auxiliary field coil, (1, d, (1 d and the electric current issupplied thereto in such a manner, as will magnetically strengthen, orweaken, appropriate check pieces, and allord magnetic circuits oppositein direction, to those objectionable magnetic circuits induced by thearmature winding. If, as hereinbefore suggested, each leg, of eachmagnet, should be surrounded by a section of field coil, then eachauxiliary coil, would be in like manner divided, each half being locatedon and surrounding a core,

and between the true field coil, and the armature.

The features of invention already described, are capable of beingvariably organized in disk armature machines. As shown in Figs. 5 and6,a disk armature is employed in combination with a series of electromagnets, for operating as a multipolar machine. Two series of fiat facedmagnets are circularly arranged, opposite each other, as at G, G, withan intervening space for the radially wound disk armature G, and in eachseries, there are six electro magnets E, each having its own field coilD, the magnets in each se ries, being separated from each other, bynarrow radial spaces a, 0', 0 (he. Several magnetized checks, of theseveral magnets in each series, are closely adjacent toeach other, butseparated by said spaces 0, c, as at N, N, b, b, and S, S, I), b. Eachmagnet has also a counterfield coil d, and these, as in the previouslydescribed machines, have portions which occupy the spaces between thesimilarly magnetized checks of the magnets, and they are in like manner,connected with the armature circuit, and the portions of said coilswhich occupy said spaces, are parallel with the adjacent portions of theradial winding of the armature.

In all of these machines, each of the magnets has its own field coil, orcoils, and in each instance, the counterfield coils are to be understoodas being in circuit with the armature winding,but so receiving theelectric cur rent, that it will flow in an opposite direction from thecurrent flowing in those sections of the winding, which are adjacent tothose portions of the counter field coils, which occupy the spaces,separating the closely adjacent, and similarly magnetized checks of theseveral magnets.

Although each of these machines, embodies electro magnets, which aresubstantially U shaped, it is obvious that other forms may be employed,as, for instance, bar magnets, only one end of each affording a cheekpiece, in which case, similarly magnetized cheeks would be, as beforedescribed, separated by narrow spaces parallel with the armaturewinding, and the counterfield coils, would be organized therewith, as inthe machines illustrated.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination withan armature, of separate electro magnets, arranged with their similarlypolarized cheeks closely adjacent to each other, but separated by narrowspaces, parallel with the armature winding; and counterfield coils incircuit with the armature winding, but receiving electric current, in adirection opposite to that in the adjacent portion of said winding, andhaving portions of said coils located at said spaces parallel with saidadjacent portions of the winding, the air spaces affording resistance inthose magnetic circuits which are induced by said adjacent portions ofthe armature winding, and the counterfield coils inducing a magneticflow, opposite to that, which is induced by said portions of thearmature winding.

2. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination substantially ashereinbefore described, of an armature; separate U-shaped electromagnets each having its own field coil, or coils, and provided withappropriate cheek pieces, and having the several similarly-magnetizedcheeks located closely adjacent to each other, but separated by airspaces parallel with the armature winding, and a counterfield coil oneach magnet, in cirouit with the armature winding, and having portionsthereof located in said spaces, and parallel with the armature winding.

3. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of an armature;separate electro magnets each having its own field coil or coils, andhaving cheek pieces symmetrically arranged With relation to thearmature, wlth each two similarly polarized cheeks separated by spacesparallel with the armature winding, and a counter field coil or coils,which either strengthen or weaken the magnetism of appropriate cheeks,according to the direction in which the machine is operated, formaintaining a permanent line of commutation, regardless of variations inspeed or load.

4. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of a drum armature; aniron frame longitudinally surrounding the armature, constitutingportions of two separate electro m agnets; cheek pieces attached to saidframe, and provided with concaved cores radial to the armature, andhaving similarly magnetized cores, separated from each other near theperiphery of the armature, by narrow spaces parallel with the armaturewinding; field coils on said cores; and counterfield coils havingportions thereof located at said narrow spaces, and parallel with thearmature winding, and in circuit therewith, but receiving electriccurrent in a direction opposite to the direction of the current, in theadjacent portions of the armature winding.

RUDOLF EICKEMEYER.

Witnesses:

HENRY OSTERHELD, RUDOLF EICKEMEYER, Jr.

